对核磁共振成像仪建设项目环境影响评价的研究

核磁共振作为一种分析手段广泛应用于物理、化学、生物、医疗等领域.本文从核磁共振原理出发,分析核磁共振成像仪主要环境影响,结合环评现状,分析环评管理存在的主要问题,结合相关法规条文,查找存在这些问题的主要原因,结合目前核磁共振仪的建设情况和使用条件,从切合实际角度出发,提出核磁共振成像仪建设项目环评管理建议.     

危险品运输网络优化设计研究综述

为分析当今反恐新形势下的危险品运输网络优化设计问题的研究现状,系统总结国内外关于一般场景和恐怖袭击威胁2种情况下危险品运输网络优化设计研究的主要模型和方法,梳理两者现有的研究内容,并讨论其共性及恐怖袭击威胁情景下的研究的新特点。结果发现:目前关于解决危险品运输网络优化设计问题模型的鲁棒性研究较为缺乏,尤其是模型在更为复杂和不确定性更强的恐怖袭击情景中适用性不强;危险品运输的鲁棒优化模型即使在突发事件条件下,也可以使决策者能够作出相对满意的决策;鲁棒性危险品运输网络能够规避风险扰动,可用来防止在恐怖袭击中因危险品车辆爆炸等造成更大的危害。     

聚丙烯基高分子功能材料吸附卷烟烟气中多种有害成分的应用

为了寻找能同时降低卷烟烟气中甲醛、乙醛、巴豆醛和颗粒物有害成分含量的离子交换树脂吸附材料,采用电镜扫描方法观察聚丙烯基阳离子树脂高分子功能材料的表面特征,应用压汞法分析其平均孔径、中值孔径、比孔容和比表面积,并测试了该材料的交换容量,采用环境试验舱检测法对比测试了该材料和活性炭降低卷烟烟气中甲醛、乙醛、巴豆醛和颗粒物有害成分含量的效果.结果表明,聚丙烯基高分子功能材料表面多斑点状突起,凹凸状明显,微孔和缝隙多,平均孔径为0.26 μm,中值孔径为149.3 μm,比孔容为19.23 cm3/g,比表面积为293.42 m2/g,交换容量为5.16 mmol/g,对烟气中甲醛、乙醛、巴豆醛和颗粒物的净化率分别达到79.6％、79.8％、82.8％和64.7％,而活性炭的净化率分别为20.3％、0、6.4％和54.2％.研究表明,该聚丙烯基高分子功能材料具有物理吸附和化学吸附性能,净化卷烟烟气中多种有害成分的效果明显优于活性炭.     

Spatial allocation of material flow analysis in residential developments: a case study of Kildare County,Ireland

Studies of urban metabolism provide important insights for environmental management of cities, but are not widely used in planning practice due to a mismatch of data scale and coverage. This paper introduces the Spatial Allocation of Material Flow Analysis (SAMFA) model as a potential decision support tool aimed as a contribution to overcome some of these difficulties and describes its pilot use at the county level in the Republic of Ireland. The results suggest that SAMFA is capable of identifying hotspots of higher material and energy use to support targeted planning initiatives, while its ability to visualise different policy scenarios supports more effective multi-stakeholder engagement. The paper evaluates this pilot use and sets out how this model can act as an analytical platform for the industrial ecology–spatial planning nexus.     

Preparation of steel slag porous sound-absorbing material using coal powder as pore former

The aim of the study was to prepare a porous sound-absorbing material using steel slag and fly ash as the main raw material, with coal powder and sodium silicate used as a pore former and binder respectively. The influence of the experimental conditions such as the ratio of fly ash, sintering temperature, sintering time, and porosity regulation on the performance of the porous sound-absorbing material was investigated. The results showed that the specimens prepared by this method had high sound absorption performance and good mechanical properties, and the noise reduction coefficient and compressive strength could reach 0.50 and 6.5 MPa, respectively. The compressive strength increased when the dosage of fly ash and sintering temperature were raised. The noise reduction coefficient decreased with increasing ratio of fly ash and reducing pore former, and first increased and then decreased with the increase of sintering temperature and time. The optimum preparation conditions for the porous sound-absorbing material were a proportion of fly ash of 50% (wt.%), percentage of coal powder of 30% (wt.%), sintering temperature of 1130°C, and sintering time of 6.0 hr, which were determined by analyzing the properties of the sound-absorbing material.     

屏蔽服冷却系统对人体表面温度影响的研究*

为科学有效地论证多种方式组合的冷却屏蔽服在不同环境条件下对人体表面温度控制的效果，需要对冷却系统及人体敏感部位发热量进行客观评估。通过对5名健康男性的高温测试，探究人体在不同环境温度下体表温度的变化，得出胸部、背部及额头为热量最高部位，并构建以“人体-降温屏蔽服-外界环境”为主体的冷却系统数值模型，对不同环境中的屏蔽服冷却效果展开研究，分析穿戴冷却屏蔽服时人体躯干部分的温度分布及影响。结果表明:在屏蔽服中靠近胸部、背部部位引入相变材料和风扇，均可帮助人体降低体温，提高舒适度。     

侧向风速作用下聚氨酯泡沫双火源火蔓延研究

为探究环境风作用下逆向双点火源聚氨酯泡沫火蔓延及融合行为，开展多组对照实验并从材料传热机理角度分析侧向风速对火蔓延行为中火羽流形态、质量损失和辐射热流场等特征参数的影响。结果表明:风速与上述参数之间存在非线性关系。环境风效应使火焰被拉长且敷贴于预热区表面，增大预热区面积和热反馈；侧向风速的增加对FPU板材质量损失的影响逐渐弱化，且板材的熔滴率与风速呈正相关；无论侧向风是否存在，两侧逆向火焰融合后均达到整个蔓延过程中的峰值温度；风速的存在限制了火焰温度与辐射热通量峰值，也缩短了温度和辐射峰值出现的时间。     

Explosion suppression of porous materials in a pipe-connected spherical vessel

To study the suppression of different porous materials on the explosion of combustible gas, some experiments were implemented. The porous materials were categorized into three kinds, including six subcategories, and the explosion suppression characteristics of the thin iron hoop, one-layer porous materials, two-layer composite porous materials, and three-layer composite porous materials were studied and analyzed. The results show that a rarefaction wave appears in the spherical vessel during the rapid development stage of combustion explosion. Further, the thin iron hoop could enhance the gas explosion intensity. And the explosion intensity suppression effect of the porous materials is obvious, the best effects of one-layer, two-layer and three-layer porous materials are from Fe–Ni 10 mm/40 PPI, Fe–Ni 10 mm/90 PPI + Al₂O₃ 10 mm/30 PPI, and Al₂O₃ 10 mm/50 PPI + Fe–Ni 10 mm/40 PPI + SiC 20 mm/20 PPI, respectively. According to the surface morphology of the porous materials, the anti-sintering ability of the three categories of porous materials follows the order of Al₂O₃ > SiC > Fe–Ni. Besides, the thickness and pore size of the combined porous material was changed, which has a great influence on the explosion pressure and the explosion intensity.     

过硫酸盐缓释材料释放过程模型构建

为预测评估过硫酸盐缓释材料的释放性能,对释放过程模型的构建以及模型的验证进行了研究。借助微积分思想,从材料体的概化分割、初始条件设定、每个小单元的状态标定、各个小单元中过硫酸钾的迁移变化量以及材料最外层释放过硫酸盐的量5个方面构建过硫酸盐缓释材料释放模型,利用Excel-VBA编程实现其释放过程模拟。采用欧盟标准NEN7375测试过硫酸盐缓释材料释放性能并获得模型参数。通过输入相关模型参数得到过硫酸盐动态迁移过程及其释放特征曲线,并利用实测数据与模拟数据进行拟合校验。结果表明,模型模拟值与实测值拟合较好,平均误差为1.88%,表明该模型设计合理,能够准确模拟过硫酸盐缓释材料释放过程,可作为缓释材料优化设计工具。     

磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石的制备及其吸附水中Cd（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）的性能

合成了一种高吸附容量的磁性生物炭负载Mg-Fe水滑石复合材料（L-BC）,并用于去除水中的Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺。表征结果表明,采用浸渍联合热解法成功制备了磁性生物炭（M-BC）,水热合成法成功地将Mg-Fe水滑石负载在M-BC上。动力学研究结果表明,Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺吸附符合伪二级动力学模型,化学吸附为速率控制步骤。等温吸附研究结果表明,L-BC对Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附符合Langmuir模型,为单分子层化学吸附,最大吸附量分别为263.156 mg/g和43.291 mg/g。吸附机理主要为Mg-Fe水滑石层间CO₃^2-和表面羟基与Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺产生表面共沉淀。L-BC具有良好的吸附和重复利用性能,是一种很有前景的去除Cd²⁺和Ni²⁺的吸附材料。